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1.
Porto Alegre; Editora Rede Unida; jun. 2023. 381 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437749

ABSTRACT

A proteção dos dados pessoais é um tema crucial para o controle social da saúde nesses tempos de capitalismo de vigilância em que há uma troca constante da privacidade dos indivíduos por serviços. Os capítulos dessa publicação são fruto de autores especialistas e convidados que participaram do Seminário online e gratuito intitulado "LGPD na Saúde: o CNS como articulador dos interesses da sociedade brasileira em Defesa da Vida", realizado em 2021. O evento foi promovido pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde e nove mesas redondas conformaram três eixos de discussão: Acesso Universal à Saúde na Sociedade da Informação; Governo, Transformação Digital, Cidadania e o Controle Social da Saúde e Aspectos da Saúde Digital e da Ética em Pesquisa à Luz da LGPD. Enfim, esta coletânea visa contribuir com o cenário da governança das informações em saúde e a literacia dos atores do controle social na transição digital da saúde, suas práticas e tecnologias emergentes associadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Electronic Data Processing , Social Protection in Health
2.
Belo Horizonte; CI-IA Saúde-UFMG; 2023. 130 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437637

ABSTRACT

Este eBook foi elaborado no contexto do curso de capacitação Introdução à Análise de Dados em Saúde com Python ofertado pelo Centro de Inovação em Inteligência Artificial para Saúde. O curso tem como objetivo introduzir o estudo exploratório de bases de dados de saúde, com a utilização do Python. Neste eBook, procura-se apresentar uma abordagem preliminar à Ciência de Dados, que explora e descreve um conjunto de dados com técnicas da estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio da linguagem de programação Python. O público alvo que pretende-se atingir caracteriza-se por profissionais de saúde, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, docentes e pesquisadores da área das ciências da saúde, exatas ou demais interessados em utilizar os recursos computacionais para análise de bases de dados em saúde. A linguagem Python tem se destacado como uma ferramenta poderosa para análise de dados em saúde, possuindo uma ampla gama de bibliotecas e recursos, o Python pode ser usado para limpar, processar, analisar e visualizar dados de saúde. Além disso, a comunidade de utilizadores da linguagem Python é muito colaborativa, com muitos recursos disponíveis, incluindo documentação, tutoriais e fóruns de suporte. O conteúdo foi agrupado em conceitos iniciais sobre a utilização dos dados em saúde, introdução ao Python para utilização de dados, conceitos de limpeza e tratamento de dados, aplicação da estatística descritiva com os sumários estatísticos e gráficos, técnicas de amostragens, aplicação da estatística inferencial com os testes de hipótese, de associação, de médias, de medianas e correlações, além de explorar a estilização de gráficos.


Subject(s)
Electronic Data Processing , Artificial Intelligence/statistics & numerical data , Data Analysis , Statistics , Health Information Systems , Data Accuracy
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e278674, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529223

ABSTRACT

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP), atrelada ao Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), tem como objetivos emitir pareceres acerca de solicitações advindas da avaliação psicológica(AP), elaborar e propor atualizações de documentos técnicos e normativos do CFP relativos à AP, elaborar e propor diretrizes para o ensino e formação continuada em AP, conduzir o processo de avaliação dos instrumentos submetidos ao SATEPSI e discutir temas e propor ações no âmbito da AP. Nos últimos 20 anos, a CCAP vem buscando atender a esses objetivos, indicando novos caminhos para a área. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais atualidades e movimentos da CCAP, indicando caminhos possíveis e perspectivas futuras para a área de AP. São discutidas as ações atuais que vêm sendo desenvolvidas pela CCAP, bem como as ações futuras delineadas que buscam promover uma AP cada vez mais democrática. Concluímos que a AP é uma prática do(a) psicólogo(a) que deve ser operacionalizada com compromisso ético, atrelada aos direitos humanos e à justiça, com embasamento científico e alinhada às mudanças sociais.(AU)


The Consultative Commission on Psychological Assessment (CCAP), affiliated with the Psychological Test Evaluation System under the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), has the following objectives: to provide expert opinions on requests stemming from psychological assessments (PA), to draft and propose updates to the CFP technical and normative documents pertaining to PA, to formulate and recommend guidelines for education and ongoing professional development in PA, to oversee the evaluation process of instruments submitted to SATEPSI, and to engage in discussions and propose initiatives within the PA. Over the past two decades, CCAP has diligently worked to achieve these goals, charting new avenues in the field. In this context, this study aims to describe the most current developments and initiatives of CCAP and outline prospective directions and future outlooks for the PA. This study delves into the current initiatives undertaken by CCAP and the prospective actions delineated to foster a progressively more inclusive PA. Thus, we claim that PA is a practice inherent to psychologists that demands ethical commitment, alignment with human rights and justice, a solid scientific foundation, and adaptation to evolving social dynamics.(AU)


La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCAP), vinculada al Sistema de Evaluación de Pruebas Psicológicas (SATEPSI) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), tiene como objetivo emitir opinión técnica sobre solicitudes derivadas de la evaluación psicológica (EP), elaborar y proponer actualizaciones de documentos técnicos y normativos del CFP relacionados con EP, desarrollar y proponer lineamientos para la enseñanza y la formación continua en EP, conducir el proceso de evaluación de los instrumentos presentados al SATEPSI y discutir temas y proponer acciones en el ámbito de EP. Durante los últimos veinte años, la CCAP ha buscado alcanzar estos objetivos indicando nuevos caminos para el área. En este sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las principales actualidades y movimientos de la CCAP indicando posibles caminos y perspectivas de futuro para el área de EP. Se discuten las acciones actuales que ha desarrollado la CCAP, así como las acciones futuras perfiladas que buscan promover una EP cada vez más democrática. Se concluye que la EP es una práctica del psicólogo que debe ponerse en práctica con compromiso ético, vinculada a los derechos humanos y la justicia, con base científica y alineada con los cambios sociales.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Social Justice , Psychological Techniques , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Human Rights , Personality Assessment , Personality Tests , Personnel Selection , Policy Making , Professional Staff Committees , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology , Public Policy , Research , Science , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Class , Social Control, Formal , Social Identification , Social Isolation , Social Planning , Social Sciences , Social Work , Socioeconomic Factors , Therapeutics , Behavioral Sciences , Professional Review Organizations , Electronic Data Processing , Online Systems , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Choice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sociometric Techniques , Health Strategies , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Disabled Persons , Total Quality Management , Cognition , Commerce , Technology Transfer , Concept Formation , Cultural Diversity , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Form , Resolutions , Advisory Committees , Decision Making , Behavior Control , Codes of Ethics , Diagnosis , Educational Status , Research and Development Projects , Population Studies in Public Health , Equity , Information Technology , Expert Testimony , Cultural Competency , Evidence-Based Practice , Executive Function , Social Norms , Data Accuracy , Problem Behavior , Behavior Rating Scale , Freedom , Sociocultural Territory , Civil Society , Psychological Distress , Gender Identity , Social Network Analysis , Document Analysis , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Information Sources , Institutional Analysis , Human Development , Judgment , Learning , Memory , Mental Health Services , Mental Processes , Morale , Neuropsychological Tests , Neuropsychology
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 70(1)dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1387717

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: There is low evidence of genetic diversity and hybridization processes within Crocodylus acutus and C. moreletii populations. Objetive: To evaluate genetic diversity and some phylogenetic relationships in wild and captive populations of C. acutus and C. moreletii using the Barcode of Life Data System (COX1, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene). Methods: 28 individuals phenotypically like C. acutus located in the state of Guerrero, Oaxaca and Quintana Roo were sampled, as well as animals belonging to C. moreletii located in the states of Tabasco, Campeche, and Quintana Roo. 641 base pairs of nucleotide sequence from COX1 were used to obtain the haplotype and nucleotide diversity per population, and a phylogenetic and network analysis was performed. Results: Evidence of hybridization was found by observing C. moreletti haplotypes in animals phenotypically determined as C. acutus, as well as C. acutus haplotypes in animals classified as C. moreletti. Low haplotypic diversity was observed for C. acutus (0.455 ± 0.123) and for C. moreletii (0.505 ± 0.158). A phylogenetic tree was obtained in which the sequences of C. acutus and C. moreletii were grouped into two well-defined clades. Organisms identified phenotypically as C. acutus but with C. moreletii genes were separated into a different clade within the clade of C. moreletii. Conclusions: There are reproductive individuals with haplotypes different from those of the species. This study provides a small but significant advance in the genetic knowledge of both crocodile species and the use of mitochondrial markers, which in this case, the COX1 gene allowed the detection of hybrid organisms in wild and captive populations. Conservation efforts for both species of crocodiles should prevent the crossing of both threatened species and should require the genetic identification of pure populations, to design effective conservation strategies considering the possibility of natural hybridization in areas of sympatry.


Resumen Introducción: Existe poca evidencia de la diversidad genética y los procesos de hibridación dentro de las poblaciones de Crocodylus acutus y C. moreletii. Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad genética y algunas relaciones filogenéticas en poblaciones silvestres y cautivas de C. acutus y C. moreletii utilizando el Sistema de Código de Barras de la vida (COX1, subunidad I del gen del citocromo C oxidasa). Métodos: Se muestrearon 28 individuos fenotípicamente similares a C. acutus ubicados en los estados de Guerrero, Oaxaca y Quintana Roo, así como animales pertenecientes a C. moreletii ubicados en los estados de Tabasco, Campeche y Quintana Roo. Se utilizaron 641 pares de bases de la secuencia de nucleótidos de la subunidad I del gen del citocromo C oxidasa para obtener el haplotipo y la diversidad de nucleótidos por población, y se realizó un análisis filogenético y de redes. Resultados: Se encontró evidencia de hibridación al observar haplotipos de C. moreletti en animales determinados fenotípicamente como C. acutus, así como haplotipos de C. acutus en animales clasificados como C. moreletti. Se observó una baja diversidad haplotípica para C. acutus (0.455 ± 0.123) y para C. moreletii (0.505 ± 0.158). Se obtuvo un árbol filogenético en el que las secuencias propias de C. acutus y C. moreletii se agruparon en dos grandes y bien definidos clados. Los organismos identificados fenotípicamente como C. acutus pero con genes de C. moreletii se separaron en un clado diferente dentro del clado de C. moreletii. Conclusiones: Existen individuos reproductores con haplotipos diferentes a los de la especie. Este estudio aporta un pequeño pero significativo avance en el conocimiento genético tanto de las especies de cocodrilos como del uso de marcadores mitocondriales, que, en este caso, el gen COX1 permitió la detección de organismos híbridos en poblaciones silvestres y cautivas. Los esfuerzos de conservación para ambas especies de cocodrilos deben evitar el cruce de ambas especies amenazadas y deben requerir la identificación genética de poblaciones puras, para diseñar estrategias de conservación efectivas considerando la posibilidad de hibridación natural en áreas de simpatría.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alligators and Crocodiles/genetics , Mexico , Electronic Data Processing
5.
Movimento (Porto Alegre) ; 28: e28037, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406047

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho versa sobre potencialidades e limites relacionados à utilização de processamentos de dados para auxiliar na produção e sistematização de conhecimento científico. Objetiva, através de um exercício experimental envolvendo a utilização de algoritmo, discutir a viabilidade do uso de técnicas de coleta automatizada para levantamento e produção de dados utilizáveis no âmbito das pesquisas científicas. Como demonstração, busca reproduzir de maneira automatizada processos relacionados à coleta de dados de pesquisa anteriormente publicada neste periódico, descrevendo metodologicamente como foram organizados e desenvolvidos a extração e o tratamento desses dados. Como resultado, constata que o processamento automatizado pode ser uma alternativa produtiva e eficiente para auxiliar nas sistematizações e análises sobre o acumulado crescente de publicações no campo científico, podendo abrir novos caminhos metodológicos de pesquisa na Educação Física, especialmente considerando o volume de dados passível de coleta e análise em redes sociais, fóruns e outras plataformas na web. (AU)


This paper deals with potentials and limits related to the use of data processing to assist in the production and systematization of scientific knowledge. It aims, through an experimental exercise involving the use of an algorithm, to discuss the feasibility of using automated collection techniques for surveying and producing data that can be used in scientific research. As a demonstration, it seeks to automatically reproduce processes related to the collection of research data previously published in this journal, describing methodologically how the extraction and treatment of these data was organized and developed. As a result, it finds that automated processing can be a productive and efficient alternative to assist in the systematization and analysis of the growing accumulation of publications in the scientific field, which may open new methodological paths for research in Physical Education, especially considering the volume of data subject to collection and analysis on social networks, forums and other web platforms. (AU)


Este trabajo aborda las potencialidades y los límites relacionados con el uso del procesamiento de datos para ayudar en la producción y sistematización del conocimiento científico. Su objetivo, a través de un ejercicio experimental que implica el uso de un algoritmo, es discutir la viabilidad del uso de técnicas de recolección automatizada para la obtención y producción de datos que se puedan utilizar en el ámbito de las investigaciones científicas. A modo de demostración, se busca reproducir de manera automatizada procesos relacionados con la recolección de datos de una investigación previamente publicada en esta revista, describiendo metodológicamente cómo se organizó y desarrolló la extracción y el tratamiento de esos datos. Como resultado, se constata que el procesamiento automatizado puede ser una alternativa productiva y eficiente para ayudar en la sistematización y análisis de la creciente acumulación de publicaciones en el campo científico, lo que puede abrir nuevos caminos metodológicos para la investigación en Educación Física, especialmente considerando el volumen de datos que se pueden recolectar y analizar en redes sociales, foros y otras plataformas web. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Electronic Data Processing , Bibliometrics , Information Storage and Retrieval
6.
J. Phys. Educ. (Maringá) ; 33: e3344, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421867

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O uso do acelerômetro para mensurar a atividade física em pesquisas epidemiológicas, apresenta desafios para aumentar a comparabilidade entre os estudos que utilizam esse equipamento. Nesse sentido o objetivo deste trabalho é comparar estimativas de tempo em AFMV para adultos provenientes de diferentes métodos de processamentos de dados, através do acelerômetro Actigraph GT3X+. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, da linha de base do estudo piloto do Estudo Longitudinal dos Determinantes da Atividade Física. Amostra contou com 31 funcionários terceirizados de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 47.05anos (DP=9.35). Os participantes utilizaram acelerômetros do modelo GT3X+ durante sete dias consecutivos. A estimativa de tempo de AFMV foi gerada através de software Actilife e R-package GGIR. Análises estatísticas descritivas, ANOVA e pos-hoc de Bonferroni para comparabilidade foram realizadas no software R. Análise de Bland-Altman foi realizado no SigmaPlot para avaliação de viés e concordância. Houve diferença significativa no tempo médio de AFMV entre os dados baseados em counts e dados brutos (p<0,001). O tempo médio em AFMV foi menor a partir do processamento por dados brutos do que o em counts (-264,81min/dia; p<0,001). Concluindo que os achados sugerem não haver, estatisticamente, equivalência entre os métodos comparados para estimar tempo de AFMV.


ABSTRACT The use of accelerometers to measure physical activity in epidemiological research presents challenges to increase comparability between studies that use this equipment. In this sense, the objective of this work is to compare time estimates in MVPA for adults from different data processing methods, using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer. This is a cross-sectional study, from the baseline of the pilot study of the Longitudinal Study of the Determinants of Physical Activity. Sample had 31 outsourced employees of both genders, with an average age of 47.05 years (SD=9.35). Participants used GT3X+ model accelerometers for seven consecutive days. The MVPA time estimate was generated using Actilife and R-package GGIR software. Descriptive statistical analyses, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc for comparability were performed in the R software. Bland-Altman analysis was performed in SigmaPlot to assess bias and agreement. There was a significant difference in the mean time of MVPA between count-based data and raw data (p<0.001). The average time in MVPA was shorter from processing by raw data than in counts (-264.81 min/day; p<0.001). Concluding that the findings suggest that there is no statistically equivalence between the methods compared to estimate MVPA time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Software , Electronic Data Processing/instrumentation , Exercise , Accelerometry , Wrist , Pilot Projects , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Adult
7.
J. health inform ; 13(4): 113-119, out.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359303

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descobrir padrões de apresentação clínica entre pacientes admitidos em uma emergência hospitalar com insuficiência cardíaca aguda. Métodos: Estudo exploratório de base de dados através da aplicação do processo de Descoberta de Conhecimento em Base de Dados, o qual é composto pelas etapas de pré-processamento, mineração de dados e pós-processamento. No estudo foi utilizado o software de código aberto com algoritmos de mineração de dados denominado Weka. Resultados: Foram analisados 965 pacientes, sendo 571(59%) mulheres. A idade média foi 80,79±12,76 anos. A maioria (635) foi classificada como laranja pelo Sistema de Triagem de Manchester, considerada condição de muita urgência com necessidade de atendimento em até 10 minutos. Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram aqueles relacionados a alterações respiratórias. Os pacientes classificados como amarelo apresentaram maior homogeneidade quando avaliados os sinais vitais. Conclusão: O padrão de apresentação clínica associado à classificação de risco de urgência e muita urgência em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca que buscam a emergência hospitalar constitui-se, majoritariamente, de sinais e sintomas respiratórios.


Objective: To discover patterns of clinical presentation among patients admitted to an emergency hospital with acute heart failure. Methods: Exploratory study of a database through the application of the Knowledge Discovery process in a Database, which comprises the steps of pre-processing, data mining and post-processing. In the study, open source software with data mining algorithms called Weka was used. Results: 965 patients were analyzed, being 571 (59%) women. The mean age was 80.79±12.76 years. Most (635) were classified as orange by the Manchester Triage System, considered a very urgent condition requiring care within 10 minutes. The most prevalent signs and symptoms were those related to respiratory changes. Patients classified as yellow showed greater homogeneity when assessing vital signs. Conclusion: The pattern of clinical presentation associated with the risk classification of urgency and high urgency in patients with heart failure who seek hospital emergency consists, mostly, of respiratory signs and symptoms.


Objetivo: conocer patrones de presentación clínica en pacientes ingresados en un hospital de urgencias por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio de una base de datos mediante la aplicación del proceso de Descubrimiento del Conocimiento en una Base de Datos, el cual está compuesto por las etapas de preprocesamiento, minería de datos y posprocesamiento. En el estudio, se utilizó un software de código abierto con algoritmos de minería de datos llamado Weka. Resultados: se analizaron 965 pacientes, siendo 571 (59%) mujeres. La edad media fue de 80,79 ± 12,76 años. La mayoría (635) fueron clasificados como naranja por el Sistema de Triaje de Manchester, considerado una condición muy urgente que requiere atención dentro de los 10 minutos. Los signos y síntomas más prevalentes fueron los relacionados con alteraciones respiratorias. Los pacientes clasificados como amarillos mostraron mayor homogeneidad a la hora de evaluar los signos vitales. Conclusión: El patrón de presentación clínica asociado a la clasificación de riesgo de urgencia y alta urgencia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca que acuden a urgencias hospitalarias está constituido mayoritariamente por signos y síntomas respiratorios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Electronic Data Processing , Acute Disease , Emergency Nursing , Risk Assessment , Emergency Service, Hospital , Data Mining , Heart Failure , Applied Research
8.
Rev. cub. inf. cienc. salud ; 32(3): e1697, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1351968

ABSTRACT

O estudo objetivou mapear as buscas eletrônicas dos medicamentos mais populares na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Trata.se de um estudo exploratório, retrospectivo e misto. Os dados foram coletados em julho de 2020 através do Google Trends®, filtrados a partir dos últimos 90 dias de pesquisa, que estivessem relacionados aos medicamentos, ivermectina, cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina, dexametasona e azitromicina. Para identificação dos noticiários mais visitados, utilizou.se o Google News®. A população brasileira realizou buscas eletrônicas com os cinco medicamentos investigados, porém houve predomínio da cloroquina e ivermectina. Ademais, conforme a doença evoluiu pelos Estados brasileiros foi perceptível a influência de pesquisas científicas e do governo na busca por esses medicamentos. Ressalta.se que é fundamental para a gestão da pandemia que as estratégias de comunicação sejam traçadas, alicerçadas na responsabilidade social e na perspectiva do empoderamento popular com foco na identificação de notícias falsas e no uso consciente das informações adquiridas virtualmente(AU)


El estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear las búsquedas electrónicas de los medicamentos más populares en la pandemia COVID-19 en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, retrospectivo y mixto. Los datos fueron recolectados en julio de 2020 a través de Google Trends®. Se seleccionaron en los últimos 90 días de investigación los que estaban relacionados con los medicamentos ivermectina, cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina, dexametasona y azitromicina. Para identificar las noticias más visitadas se utilizó Google News®. La población brasileña realizó búsquedas electrónicas entre los cinco fármacos investigados, pero predominaron la cloroquina y la ivermectina. Además, a medida que la enfermedad evolucionó en los estados brasileños, la influencia de la investigación científica y gubernamental en la búsqueda de estos fármacos fue notable. Es de destacar que es fundamental para el manejo de la pandemia que se elaboren estrategias de comunicación, basadas en la responsabilidad social y la perspectiva del empoderamiento popular, con foco en la identificación de noticias falsas y el uso consciente de la información adquirida virtualmente(AU)


The study aimed to map electronic searches for most popular drugs in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is an exploratory, retrospective and mixed study. The data were collected in July 2020 through Google Trends®, filtered from the last 90 days of research, wich were related to drugs, ivermectin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and azithromycin. To identify the most visited newscasts, Google News® was used. The Brazilian population conducted electronic searches among the five investigated drugs, but chloroquine and ivermectin predominated. Furthermore, as the disease evolved in Brazilian states, the influence of scientific and government research in the search for these drugs was noticeable. It is noteworthy that it is essential for the management of the pandemic that communication strategies be drawn up, based on social responsibility and the perspective of popular empowerment, with a focus on the identification of false news and the conscious use of information acquired virtually(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Electronic Data Processing/methods , Chloroquine/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Drug Information Services , COVID-19 , Brazil , Data Collection , Health Strategies
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(7): 1014-1022, jul. 2021. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389546

ABSTRACT

Background: A significant proportion of the clinical record is in free text format, making it difficult to extract key information and make secondary use of patient data. Automatic detection of information within narratives initially requires humans, following specific protocols and rules, to identify medical entities of interest. Aim: To build a linguistic resource of annotated medical entities on texts produced in Chilean hospitals. Material and Methods: A clinical corpus was constructed using 150 referrals in public hospitals. Three annotators identified six medical entities: clinical findings, diagnoses, body parts, medications, abbreviations, and family members. An annotation scheme was designed, and an iterative approach to train the annotators was applied. The F1-Score metric was used to assess the progress of the annotator's agreement during their training. Results: An average F1-Score of 0.73 was observed at the beginning of the project. After the training period, it increased to 0.87. Annotation of clinical findings and body parts showed significant discrepancy, while abbreviations, medications, and family members showed high agreement. Conclusions: A linguistic resource with annotated medical entities on texts produced in Chilean hospitals was built and made available, working with annotators related to medicine. The iterative annotation approach allowed us to improve performance metrics. The corpus and annotation protocols will be released to the research community.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electronic Data Processing , Chile
10.
Rev. cub. inf. cienc. salud ; 32(1): e1798, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280201

ABSTRACT

La toma de decisiones en contextos institucionales ha sido objeto de estudio de innumerables autores y disciplinas científicas. Esta actividad, a pesar de ser inherente al ser humano, se manifiesta cotidianamente en el accionar de los directivos. La presente investigación aborda este tema desde el prisma de la Gestión de Información con el objetivo de indagar en sus principales características en el contexto institucional, con énfasis en el accionar del directivo y su compleja actuación en el proceso de la toma de decisiones y el procesamiento de la información. Mediante el auxilio del método del Análisis Documental se abordan las interacciones de la Gestión de Información con los enfoques del Management y se enfatiza en la presencia de la información como recurso estratégico de la institución. La investigación enfatiza en la relevancia de la Gestión de Información, el efecto dinamizador de la acción de dirigir y se plantean acciones que pueden guiar el accionar del directivo en el contexto institucional(AU)


Decision-making in institutions has been the object of study by countless authors and scientific disciplines. This activity, despite being inherent to the human being, is manifested on a daily basis in the actions of managers. This research addresses this issue from an Information Management approach with the aim of investigating its main characteristics in the institutional context, with emphasis on the actions of the manager and his complex action in the decision-making process and information processing. Documentary analysis is used to address the interactions of Information Management with management approaches and emphasize the presence of information as a strategic resource of the institution. The research emphasizes the relevance of Information Management, the dynamizing effect of the action of directing, and actions are proposed which can guide the actions of the manager in the institutional context(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Electronic Data Processing , Organizations/organization & administration , Information Management , Decision Making
11.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(1): e2020576, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286334

ABSTRACT

Indicadores de saúde representam uma importante ferramenta de acompanhamento de desempenho de ações em Saúde Pública, permitindo a avaliação de intervenções realizadas, bem como a identificação de tendências e regiões prioritárias para alocação de recursos. Com o objetivo de aumentar a praticidade nas tarefas de análise e manipulação de dados desses indicadores, foi criado um pacote R. O pacote rtabnetsp realiza requisições aos servidores TabNet da página eletrônica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, recuperando e tratando tais dados para utilização do usuário. Este artigo apresenta o pacote rtabnetsp e suas funções, modo de instalação e uso; traz também exemplos de suas funcionalidades, que permitem a visualização, busca e seleção, entre uma lista de indicadores, do conteúdo desejado, além da obtenção dos dados agregados pelo nível de regionalização disponível na matriz de dados, conferindo maior agilidade a tarefas de gestão em saúde do estado de São Paulo.


Indicadores de salud son una herramienta importante para monitorear el desempeño de las acciones de salud pública, permitiendo la evaluación de las intervenciones hechas, así como la identificación de tendencias y regiones prioritarias para la asignación de recursos. En la búsqueda de aumentar la practicidad en las tareas de análisis y manipulación de datos de estos indicadores, se creó un paquete R. El paquete rtabnetsp realiza solicitudes a los servidores TabNet del Departamento de Salud del Estado de São Paulo, recogiendo y procesando dichos datos para el usuario. Este artículo presenta el paquete, sus funciones, instalación y uso, así como ejemplos de sus funcionalidades, que permiten visualizar y buscar desde un listado de indicadores, seleccionar el contenido deseado y obtener los datos agregados por el nivel de regionalización disponible en la matriz de datos, alcanzando más agilidad en las tareas de gestión de la salud en el estado de São Paulo.


Health status indicators are an important tool for monitoring the performance of public health actions, identifying trends and priority regions for resource allocation. An R package was developed in order to increase the feasibility of handling and analyzing health status indicator data. The rtabnetsp package requests data from TabNet servers on the São Paulo State Department of Health website, retrieving and preprocessing the data for user manipulation. This article presents the rtabnetsp package and its functions, installation and use; as well as providing examples of its functionalities, which involve listing and searching among available indicators, selecting desired content and obtaining data aggregated according to regionalization level held on the data matrix, enabling greater agility in tasks regarding public health management in the state of São Paulo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Status Indicators , Health Management , Health Information Systems , Brazil , Electronic Data Processing
12.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1224711

ABSTRACT

Con base en un trasfondo teórico sobre las concepciones modulares de la mente de Fodor (2001) y Pinker (2005), el objetivo del presente texto es analizar cualitativemente la solidez de la evidencia experimental de una muestra de artículos publicados entre 2002 y 2017, que apoyan la tesis de la penetrabilidad cognitiva en la percepción visual temprana. El estudio se justifica por las implicaciones que pueden tener los resultados de estas investigaciones para las diferentes concepciones sobre arquitectura mental en funciones perceptuales, procesamiento de la información intra e intermodular, e isomorfismo entre arquitectura mental y cerebral. La metodología que se utilizó para realizar este estudio implicó: establecimiento de la tesis y de los criterios de inclusión de los artículos a revisar, selección final de los artículos más representativos sobre las subáreas seleccionadas, análisis de la calidad metodológica y de los resultados de éstos, identificación de aportes específicos de cada estudio a la tesis planteada, e interpretación y síntesis de los hallazgos. De 26 artículos revisados sobre el tema, se reportan y analizan 7, que se consideran representativos de 4 subáreas: penetrabilidad de expectativas, de percepción del color, de rasgos faciales y de reconocimiento de objetos. Se concluye que hay una amplia y sólida evidencia convergente (perceptual y neurofisiológica) a favor de los fenómenos penetrativos en la visión temprana, lo cual apoyaría indirectamente la hipótesis de permeabilidad de los módulos mentales de Pinker. Se formulan recomendaciones sobre aspectos por investigar y variables a controlar en experimentos sobre este tema.


Based on a theoretical background on the modular conceptions of the mind of Fodor (2001) and Pinker (2005), the objective of this text is to qualitatively analyze the strength of the experimental evidence from a sample of experimental articles published between 2002 and 2017 that support the thesis of cognitive penetrability in early visual perception. The study is justified by the implications that the results of these investigations may have for the different conceptions about mental architecture in perceptual functions, intra and intermodular information processing and isomorphism between mental and brain architecture. The methodology used to carry out this study involved: establishment of the thesis and the inclusion criteria of the articles to be reviewed, final selection of the most representative articles on the selected subareas, analysis of the methodological quality and


Subject(s)
Humans , Visual Perception , Electronic Data Processing , Vision, Ocular , Methodology as a Subject
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(10): 1229-1238, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058589

ABSTRACT

Background: Free-text imposes a challenge in health data analysis since the lack of structure makes the extraction and integration of information difficult, particularly in the case of massive data. An appropriate machine-interpretation of electronic health records in Chile can unleash knowledge contained in large volumes of clinical texts, expanding clinical management and national research capabilities. Aim: To illustrate the use of a weighted frequency algorithm to find keywords. This finding was carried out in the diagnostic suspicion field of the Chilean specialty consultation waiting list, for diseases not covered by the Chilean Explicit Health Guarantees plan. Material and Methods: The waiting lists for a first specialty consultation for the period 2008-2018 were obtained from 17 out of 29 Chilean health services, and total of 2,592,925 diagnostic suspicions were identified. A natural language processing technique called Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency was used for the retrieval of diagnostic suspicion keywords. Results: For each specialty, four key words with the highest weighted frequency were determined. Word clouds showing words weighted by their importance were created to obtain a visual representation. These are available at cimt.uchile.cl/lechile/. Conclusions: The algorithm allowed to summarize unstructured clinical free-text data, improving its usefulness and accessibility.


Subject(s)
Humans , Natural Language Processing , Electronic Data Processing/methods , Medical Records , Information Storage and Retrieval/methods , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Data Mining/methods , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Medical Informatics Computing , Chile , Reproducibility of Results , Medicine
14.
Educ. med. super ; 33(2): e1631, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1089899

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La técnica de análisis de caso es una estrategia pedagógica que puede utilizarse en la educación superior para el desarrollo de aprendizajes autónomos. Objetivo: Evaluar la contribución de la técnica análisis de casos en la obtención de aprendizajes comprensivos en asignaturas biológicas de alta reprobación. Métodos: Se realizó una intervención mediante la técnica análisis de casos, durante 4 meses, con un diseño preexperimental con evaluación antes-después. La muestra estuvo conformada por 15 estudiantes de la carrera de Kinesiología y 30 estudiantes de Psicología. Para evaluar el impacto de la estrategia se aplicó a los estudiantes el Cuestionario de Procesos de Estudio de Biggs y Kember, y una encuesta de valoración de la experiencia. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron cambios en la forma en que los estudiantes procesan la información para lograr una aproximación más centrada en la comprensión. Conclusiones: Se verifican cambios cuantitativos, orientados al uso de estrategias de aprendizaje profundo en el procesamiento de la información(AU)


Introduction: The case analysis technique is a pedagogical strategy that can be used in higher education for the development of autonomous learning. Objective: To assess the contribution of the case analysis technique to obtaining comprehensive learning in biological subjects of high failure. Methods: An intervention was carried out using the case analysis technique, during four months, with a pre-experimental design with a before-after evaluation. The sample consisted of 15 students from the Kinesiology major and 30 Psychology students. To assess the impact of the strategy, the Biggs' and Kember's Study Processes Questionnaire and an experience assessment survey were applied to the students. Results: The results showed changes in the way students process information to achieve a more focused approach to understanding. Conclusions: Quantitative changes are verified, oriented to the use of deep learning strategies in the information processing(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Teaching , Electronic Data Processing , Health Strategies
15.
Fisioter. Bras ; 20(1): 84-94, 20 de fevereiro de 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281046

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O tempo de reação é uma medida que indica o tempo que uma pessoa leva para iniciar um movimento. Há situações em que o tempo de reação encontra-se alterado, comprometendo o processamento da informação, com diminuição na detecção, transmissão e processamento dos estí­mulos. Objetivo: Investigar o tempo de reação visual em acadêmicos antes e após atividades avaliativas, nas diversas disciplinas. Metodologia: 50 acadêmicos foram analisados antes e após atividades avaliativas por meio do tempo de reação simples e paradigma oddball. Resultados: Com relação ao tempo de reação simples, o tempo de reação visual antes das atividades avaliativas foi menor que após, em contradição com o paradigma oddball. Verificou-se que a média geral do tempo de reação simples para prova prática foi maior comparado às demais, já no paradigma oddball verificou-se que a média geral para apresentação de seminário foi maior, comparado às demais. Conclusão: Diferenças significativas no tempo de reação simples e tempo de reação segundo paradigma oddball foram encontrados entre acadêmicos antes e após atividades avaliativas. Porém no tempo de reação simples foram encontrados valores menores antes das atividades, quando comparados com após, e o contrário foi encontrado no paradigma oddball. (AU)


Introduction: Reaction time is a measure of how long a person takes to start a movement. There are situations in which the reaction time is altered, compromising the information processing, with a decrease in the detection, transmission and processing of the stimuli. Objective: To investigate the time of visual reaction in academics before and after evaluative activities in different disciplines. Methodology: 50 academics were analyzed before and after evaluative activities through simple reaction time and oddball paradigm. Results: Relative to the time of simple reaction, the visual reaction time before the evaluative activities was smaller than after, in contradiction with the oddball paradigm. It was verified that the general mean of the simple reaction time for practical test was higher compared to the others, already in the oddball paradigm it was verified that the general average for seminar presentation was higher, compared to the others. Conclusion: Significant differences in the time of simple reaction and reaction time according to the oddball paradigm were found among academics before and after evaluative activities. However, in the simple reaction time smaller values were found before the activities, when compared with after, and the opposite was found in the oddball paradigm. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Reaction Time , Students , Electronic Data Processing , Movement
16.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(3): e8059, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984037

ABSTRACT

Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a neurophysiological pattern that can be visually scored by international criteria. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of visual CAP scoring using only one channel of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) to evaluate the inter-scorer agreement in a variety of recordings, and to compare agreement between visual scoring and automatic scoring systems. Sixteen hours of single-channel European data format recordings from four different sleep laboratories with either C4-A1 or C3-A2 channels and with different sampling frequencies were used in this study. Seven independent scorers applied visual scoring according to international criteria. Two automatic blind scorings were also evaluated. Event-based inter-scorer agreement analysis was performed. The pairwise inter-scorer agreement (PWISA) was between 55.5 and 84.3%. The average PWISA was above 60% for all scorers and the global average was 69.9%. Automatic scoring systems showed similar results to those of visual scoring. The study showed that CAP could be scored using only one EEG channel. Therefore, CAP scoring might also be integrated in sleep scoring features and automatic scoring systems having similar performances to visual sleep scoring systems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sleep Stages/physiology , Electronic Data Processing , Polysomnography/methods , Electroencephalography/methods , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Polysomnography/instrumentation , Electroencephalography/instrumentation
17.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 105-114, 2019.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-765199

ABSTRACT

Electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) are useful measures of information processing that are believed to reflect the cognitive processing of the brain. Recently, these electrophysiological markers have been studied repeatedly to examine patients with schizophrenia. Among the ERPs components, P50, P300, mismatch negativity, loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials, and 40 Hz auditory steady state response are meaningful neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia. The employment of novel ERP paradigms designed to carefully characterize the early spectrum of perceptual and cognitive information processing allows investigators to identify the neurophysiological basis of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and examine the associated clinical and functional impairments. Lately, functional neural networks using resting state EEG have been studied extensively in patients with schizophrenia. In this article, qEEG, several ERP components, and functional neural networks that were considered useful neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia are reviewed and their clinical implications are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electronic Data Processing , Brain , Electroencephalography , Employment , Evoked Potentials , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Research Personnel , Schizophrenia
18.
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine ; : 183-191, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-785332

ABSTRACT

Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyloid , Electronic Data Processing , Brain , Cognition , Dementia , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Epidemiologic Studies , Gene Expression , Hyperglycemia , Hypertension , Hypoglycemia , Insulin , Insulin Resistance , Mass Screening , Memory Disorders , Neurons , Plastics , Pliability , Research Personnel , Risk Factors , Vascular Diseases , Visual Perception , White Matter
19.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : e146-2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764987

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The processing of emotional visual stimulation involves the processing of emotional and visuoperceptual information. It is not completely revealed how the valence and arousal affect these two aspects. The objective was to investigate the effects of valence and arousal on spatiotemporal characteristics of cortical information processing using distributed source imaging of event-related current density (ERCD). METHODS: Electroencephalograms (64 channels) were recorded from 19 healthy men while presenting affective pictures. Distributed source localization analysis was adopted to obtain the spatiotemporal pattern of ERCD on cortical surface in response to emotional visual stimulation. A nonparametric cluster-based permutation test was used to find meaningful time and space without prior knowledge. RESULTS: Significant changes of ERCD in 400–800 ms among positive, negative, and neutral emotional conditions were found in left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right inferior temporal cortex (ITC). In the PCC, the stimuli with higher arousal levels showed more negative ERCD than neutral stimuli. In the ITC, the ERCD for negative stimuli was significantly more negative than those of positive and neutral ones. CONCLUSION: Arousal and valence had strong influence on memory encoding and visual analysis at late period. The location and time showing significant change in neural activity according to arousal and valence would provide valuable information for understanding the changes of cortical function by neuropsychiatric disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Arousal , Electronic Data Processing , Electroencephalography , Gyrus Cinguli , Memory , Photic Stimulation , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Temporal Lobe
20.
Intestinal Research ; : 365-374, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764154

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: TrueColours ulcerative colitis (TCUC) is a comprehensive web-based program that functions through email, providing direct links to questionnaires. Several similar programs are available, however patient perspectives are unexplored. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted to determine feasibility, usability and patient perceptions of real-time data collection (daily symptoms, fortnightly quality of life, 3 monthly outcomes). TCUC was adapted from a web-based program for patients with relapsing-remitting bipolar disorder, using validated UC indices. A semi-structured interview was developed and audio-recorded face-to-face interviews were conducted after 6 months of interaction with TCUC. Transcripts were coded in NVivo11, a qualitative data analysis software package. An inductive approach and thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: TCUC was piloted in 66 patients for 6 months. Qualitative analysis currently defies statistical appraisal beyond “data saturation,” even if it has more influence on clinical practice than quantitative data. A total of 28 face-to-face interviews were conducted. Six core themes emerged: awareness, control, decision-making, reassurance, communication and burden of treatment. There was a transcending overarching theme of patient empowerment, which cut across all aspects of the TCUC experience. CONCLUSIONS: Patient perception of the impact of real-time data collection was extremely positive. Patients felt empowered as a product of the self-monitoring format of TCUC, which may be a way of improving self-management of UC whilst also decreasing the burden on the individual and healthcare services.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electronic Data Processing , Bipolar Disorder , Colitis, Ulcerative , Data Collection , Delivery of Health Care , Electronic Mail , Patient Participation , Pilot Projects , Quality of Life , Self Care , Statistics as Topic , Ulcer
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